Why is Rho(D) immunoglobulin administered to Rh-negative mothers?

Rho(D) immunoglobulin is administered to Rh-negative mothers primarily to prevent Rh sensitization. This immunoglobulin plays a critical role in protecting future pregnancies from complications related to Rh incompatibility.

When an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, there is a risk that the mother’s immune system may recognize the Rh-positive red blood cells as foreign and produce antibodies against them. This process is known as sensitization. If sensitization occurs, these antibodies can cross the placenta in subsequent pregnancies and attack the red blood cells of an Rh-positive fetus, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) — a serious condition that can cause anemia, jaundice, and even fetal death.

By administering Rho(D) immunoglobulin, typically within 72 hours after delivery of an Rh-positive baby or during certain situations in pregnancy where Rh incompatibility might occur (like bleeding or invasive procedures), the immune response that leads to sensitization is prevented. This is important for the health of both the current pregnancy and any future pregnancies the mother may have.

The other options do not relate to the purpose of Rho(D) immunoglobulin: enhancing fetal nutrition is unrelated to immunoglobulin use, ensuring proper fetal positioning