Why is folic acid vital during pregnancy?

Folic acid is vital during pregnancy primarily because it helps prevent neural tube defects, which are serious abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord. Neural tube defects occur when the neural tube, which eventually forms the baby's brain and spinal cord, does not close completely. Adequate folic acid intake before conception and during early pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of these defects.

Folic acid plays a critical role in DNA synthesis and repair, as well as cell division and growth. By ensuring the proper development of the neural tube, folic acid contributes to the overall healthy development of the fetus. The recommendation for women of childbearing age is to take folic acid supplements, especially before and during early pregnancy, to ensure that they have sufficient levels to support these essential developmental processes.

While folic acid is important for general maternal health and may indirectly support increased energy levels and overall well-being during pregnancy, its primary significance lies in its role in preventing neural tube defects. Other factors related to fetal development, such as brain size and weight gain, are also important but do not directly correlate to folic acid intake.