Which of the following is a possible effect of Pregnancy-Related Hypertension (PET) on the renal system?

Pregnancy-Related Hypertension, also known as Preeclampsia (PET), can significantly impact various organ systems, including the renal system. When considering the potential effects on the kidneys, each of the mentioned conditions is relevant.

Serum uric acid levels may rise due to impaired renal function and changes in glomerular filtration, which is common in preeclampsia. Elevated uric acid can be an indicator of the severity of the condition and contributes to the overall assessment of maternal health.

Proteinuria is another key clinical sign of preeclampsia, reflecting kidney damage or dysfunction. When the kidneys are affected by this condition, their ability to filter and retain proteins is compromised, leading to protein spilling into the urine. A protein level exceeding 0.3 grams in a 24-hour urine sample is a diagnostic criterion for preeclampsia, highlighting significant kidney involvement.

Concentrated urine can occur due to changes in renal function associated with hypertension and the overall stress response in pregnancy. The kidneys may struggle to effectively regulate fluid and electrolytes, resulting in concentrated urine.

Given that each of these findings—elevated serum uric acid, proteinuria, and concentrated urine—can independently occur as a result of