Hydrocephaly is associated with which of the following conditions?

Hydrocephaly, or hydrocephalus, is characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain, leading to increased intracranial pressure. The condition is often caused by a blockage in the circulation of CSF, which can prevent the normal flow and absorption of this fluid. This blockage can be due to various factors, including congenital malformations, tumors, or infections. When the CSF cannot circulate properly, it builds up, causing the enlargement of the ventricles and the associated symptoms of hydrocephalus.

In contrast, while conditions like the fusion of the sagittal suture (often associated with craniosynostosis) or intracranial hemorrhage can lead to increased intracranial pressure, they do not specifically reflect the blockage of CSF circulation as a direct cause of hydrocephalus. Edema of the scalp usually refers to swelling caused by other factors such as trauma or fluid accumulation and does not directly relate to the underlying mechanisms of hydrocephalus.

Thus, the correct association of hydrocephaly is primarily with the blockage of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, highlighting the importance of CSF dynamics in maintaining normal intracranial pressure and brain